We discuss this point by studying domains where FLOSS organization should be, a priori, of maximum efficiency, because the production of knowledge is modular and incremental, but are instead systems where the users and the producers are disjointed. Actually, Open Source initiatives are numerous, in various industries (Balka et al., 2009), but FLOSS remains the movement which has impacted its industry the most and the exemplar for the open source Intellectual Property model for innovation production.ĭoes that mean that the only industries where FLOSS-like organization may flourish are those where producers and users are the same? This is the hypothesis we explore in this paper. In both cases, the authors argue that this would reinforce the competitive position of European firms facing US multinationals and, by pooling basic technologies, avoid innovation clamping.

Dang Nguyen and Genthon (2006) call for “concentrating on an ambitious program of FLOSS production in the embedded systems and domestic networks at the European level”.

Hope (2008) defends the social advantages of an “open source” biotech industry. Joly and Hervieu (2003) plead for a high degree of knowledge resource mutualization in the field of genomics in Europe, not for renouncement of intellectual property, but by organizing a collective system of management of intellectual property. Many scholars believe this model can and should be applied to other industries.

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